In 2012, San Bernadino, a city in California, filed for bankruptcy. Of the $280 million debts it owed, $192 million were pension obligations.

In cases where cities cannot pay their debts, they must file for bankruptcy.
Creditors are subject to a restructuring process overseen by the courts, in which creditors are entitled to a share of tax revenues, and ownership of some city property, and have to take a discount on their debts.

Even in bankruptcy, pensions must be paid in full.

Emotionally descriptive literature is literature that aims to accurately represent people’s feelings, thoughts, and opinions, even those which are harmful or problematic. Examples of such literature include Taylor Swift’s ""Better than Revenge"", Carrie Underwood’s ""Before he Cheats”, and Sally Rooney’s Conversation with Friends.

Emotionally prescriptive literature depicts idealized versions of emotions, where feeling are portrayed as correct or incorrect. Examples include Taylor Swift’s “You Need to Calm Down”, and Jane Austin’s Pride and Prejudice.

Extraterritorial bribes are those paid out to foreign governments. The payment of extraterritorial bribes was tax deductible in Switzerland until 2022

A platonic life partnership is one in which two people with no romantic or sexual relationship choose to engage in the partnership activities traditionally done by romantic couples (e.g. living together, having kids, buying a house, being each other’s emergency contact)

In 2021, the Chinese government issued new regulations on the private education industry. These include banning core curriculum tutoring on weekends and holidays, and severely limiting the presence of private domestic and foreign educators.

In “communal housing”, residents have individual apartments, but share common spaces and amenities (e.g. kitchens, eating areas, living areas). In the United States, many college dormitories are communal housing.

Effective Altruism is the view that we should invest energy into figuring out what the most effective way to help others is, and encourages people to act on that basis. Effective Altruists often encourage donation to highly efficient charities, such the Malaria Consortium.

Longtermism is the view that we should be doing much more to help future generations. Effective Altruists who are longtermists often advocate for greater preparedness against existential risks, such as hostile AI takeover, or pandemics."